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1.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 196(1): 314-331, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37126113

RESUMO

In this study, the second-life application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained from brewery wastewater was evaluated in the biosorption of Se(IV) (Na2SeO3) sorbate in residue generated from a fine chemical industry. Biosorption experiments were carried out with different Se(IV) concentrations (A = 7.5 to 30.0 mg L-1 dissolved in deionized water or industrial effluent) and different biosorbent concentrations (B = 2.0 to 52.5 g L-1, dry mass). Inactive microbial biomass was evaluated in a wet and dehydrated state. The highest selenium removal efficiency (biosorption efficiency-R = 97.5%) was achieved with the same concentrations of sorbate in deionized water, using 24.0 g L-1 of wet cells. In contrast, the industrial effluent treatment showed lower biosorption efficiency (R = 83.3%) due to a large amount of other salts in the medium, mainly sulphur. Overall, the use of smaller amounts of biosorbent had a biosorption capacity of approximately five times greater than when 24.0 g L-1 in industrial effluent treatment was used. However, as reducing the concentration of the contaminant contained in the wastewater is the primary goal of this study, a more significant amount of biosorbent is recommended.


Assuntos
Selênio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Águas Residuárias , Adsorção , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Biomassa , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cinética
2.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 93(1): e20191153, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33787685

RESUMO

Bisphenol A is an endocrine interfering compound, produced and used on a large scale worldwide. Chemical and biologic methods can be used to remove it from the environment. Biological methods are considered less costly, safer and, according to green chemistry definitions, an environmentally correct method. Considering the use of a crude enzyme broth, without any downstream process, the costs could be mostly reduced. Thus, the removal of bisphenol A by Pleurotus sajor-caju crude enzyme broth was investigated. Initially, the agro-industrial wastes were characterized and, the composition of the culture medium and the bioreactor culture conditions were defined. The enzyme produced in the highest concentration was characterized and the crude broth used in the bisphenol A removal assays. The OXI45 culture medium presented the highest laccase activity (1,850.7 U L-1, 350 rpm). Greater laccase stability was observed at 20 - 40 oC and pHs 5 - 7. Vanillin and ferulic acid (considered mediator compounds) were identified in the crude broth, probably helping on the obtention of the high value of removal effectiveness (0.052 mg U-1 h-1). The results indicate the potential use of the Pleurotus sajor-caju crude enzyme broth to obtain an enzymatic formulation for application in the environmental area.


Assuntos
Pleurotus , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Lacase , Lentinula , Fenóis
3.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 85: e1022017, 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-999077

RESUMO

Bisphenol-A is currently considered an environmental pollutant, capable of interfering in the endocrine system of organisms and causing alterations in its development and reproductive system. An alternative method to the chemical treatment of this pollutant has been the use of oxidative enzymes, especially laccases produced by fungi. In order to reduce production costs, agro-industrial waste can be used in the culture medium composition. Nonionic surfactants, which are only slightly toxic to biological membranes, can be applied, as well as Tween 80, to facilitate the excretion of these enzymes into the culture medium. The objectives of this work were: a) characterize the immersion water of banana straw used in the formulation of the culture medium; b) evaluate laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju in culture medium with and without addition of Tween 80, through shaken flasks; c) evaluate the efficiency of the crude enzyme broth in degrading bisphenol-A. The shaken flasks were incubated at 30°C for 12 days. The immersion water had a C:N ratio of 13.8, ash percentage of 28.6%, and pH close to neutrality. The addition of Tween 80 on the culture medium (7.5%, m/v) yielded laccase activity and productivity values equal to 3,016.47 U L-1 and 502.7 U L-1 day-1, respectively. These values were 50 and 33.5 times higher than those obtained in the culture medium without addition of Tween 80 for laccase activity and productivity, respectively. The crude enzyme broth degraded 100% of bisphenol-A after 48 hours, regardless of concentration (500, 750 and 1,000 mg L-1).(AU)


O bisfenol-A é considerado um poluente ambiental capaz de interferir no sistema endócrino dos organismos, ocasionando alterações em seu desenvolvimento e sistema de reprodução. Um método alternativo ao tratamento químico desse tipo de poluente tem sido a utilização de enzimas oxidativas, especialmente as lacases, produzidas por fungos. A fim de diminuir custos de produção, resíduos agroindustriais podem compor o meio de cultivo. Assim, surfactantes não iônicos e pouco tóxicos para as membranas biológicas, como o Tween 80, podem ser utilizados para facilitar a excreção dessas enzimas para o meio de cultivo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar quimicamente o resíduo água de imersão de palha de bananeira, usado na formulação do meio de cultivo; avaliar a produção de lacase por Pleurotus sajor-caju em meio de cultivo líquido (frascos Erlenmeyer) com e sem adição de Tween 80; e avaliar a eficiência do caldo enzimático bruto em degradar bisfenol-A. Os frascos foram incubados a 30°C, por 12 dias. A água de imersão apresentou relação C:N 13,8, percentual de cinzas 28,6% e pH próximo da neutralidade. O cultivo adicionado de Tween 80 (7,5%, m/v) propiciou valores de atividade e produtividade em lacase iguais a 3.016,47 U L-1 e 502,7 U L-1 dia-1, respectivamente. Esses valores são 50 e 33,5 vezes maiores que os obtidos no cultivo sem adição de Tween 80, para atividade e produtividade em lacase, respectivamente. O caldo enzimático bruto degradou 100% do bisfenol-A após 48 horas, independentemente da concentração (500, 750 e 1.000 mg L-1).(AU)


Assuntos
Polissorbatos , Tensoativos , Pleurotus , Sistema Endócrino , Musa , Lacase , Poluentes Ambientais , Enzimas
4.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 89(3 Suppl): 2013-2020, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29166531

RESUMO

Fungi of Pleurotus genus have attracted a great interest due to their medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor. These properties are attributed mainly to polysaccharides synthesized by Pleurotus. This work aimed to study the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus in submerged culture, evaluating the influence of the initial concentration of substrate (20 and 40 g/L of glucose) and the pH (4 and 6) on kinetic parameters of production of biomass. The effectiveness of different doses (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg) of a mycelium polysaccharide fraction extracted from P. ostreatus in reducing Sarcoma 180 development in mice was also verified. In the range of this study, maximum concentration of mycelial biomass (about 12.8 g/L) was obtained using 40.0 g/L of glucose, at pH 4.0. The total biomass productivity (Px) was not significantly affected by substrate concentration and pH, reaching values of 0.034 g/L.h. Sarcoma 180 tumor weight was reduced in 74.1, 75.5 and 53.7% when 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg were administered, respectively. These results show the high antitumor potential of intracellular polysaccharide fraction of mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus, particularly at lower doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Micélio , Pleurotus , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Sarcoma 180/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Camundongos , Carga Tumoral
5.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3,supl): 2013-2020, 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-886792

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Fungi of Pleurotus genus have attracted a great interest due to their medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor. These properties are attributed mainly to polysaccharides synthesized by Pleurotus. This work aimed to study the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus in submerged culture, evaluating the influence of the initial concentration of substrate (20 and 40 g/L of glucose) and the pH (4 and 6) on kinetic parameters of production of biomass. The effectiveness of different doses (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg) of a mycelium polysaccharide fraction extracted from P. ostreatus in reducing Sarcoma 180 development in mice was also verified. In the range of this study, maximum concentration of mycelial biomass (about 12.8 g/L) was obtained using 40.0 g/L of glucose, at pH 4.0. The total biomass productivity (Px) was not significantly affected by substrate concentration and pH, reaching values of 0.034 g/L.h. Sarcoma 180 tumor weight was reduced in 74.1, 75.5 and 53.7% when 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg were administered, respectively. These results show the high antitumor potential of intracellular polysaccharide fraction of mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus, particularly at lower doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Sarcoma 180/tratamento farmacológico , Pleurotus , Micélio , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carga Tumoral
6.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 83: e0612014, 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1006447

RESUMO

This study evaluated the use of immersion water from peach palm leaves (PPLDA) as a component of the culture medium for the maintenance of Pleurotus spp. and the use of agricultural waste, peach palm leaves, as inoculum support for the fungi. The performance of the inoculum based on peach palm leaves (PPL) for the production of Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies was compared with that using wheat grains (WG) as inoculum support. PPLDA culture medium (immersion water of peach palm leaves, dextrose, and agar) showed a lower radial velocity of mycelial growth for both fungi than that obtained with the culture medium WDA (wheat extract, dextrose and agar), commonly used as maintenance medium for Pleurotus spp. However, the type of inoculum support does not significantly influence the linear velocity of P. ostreatus mycelial growth, reaching 6.71 mm/day on wheat grains and 6.18 mm/day on peach palm leaves. Thus, when the inoculum based on peach palm leaves is utilized, the immersion water used for preparing this support can be used for preparing the PPLDA maintenance culture medium, diminishing the production costs of Pleurotus mushrooms. Data also showed that when Pleurotus sajor-caju was cultivated on peach palm leaves, using PPL as inoculum support, the fruiting bodies production parameters (Y = 47%, BE = 3% and Pr = 0.2 g/day) did not differ from that obtained using WG.(AU)


Este trabalho avaliou a utilização da água de imersão das folhas de pupunheira como componente do meio de cultivo para manutenção da cepa fúngica e a produção de inóculo de Pleurotus spp. utilizando como suporte folhas de pupunheira, um resíduo agrícola. Ainda, para verificar a capacidade do inóculo à base de folhas de pupunheira (FP) de produzir corpos frutíferos, foi realizado um experimento comparando FP com o inóculo à base de grãos de trigo (GT). Para tanto, realizou-se a comparação das velocidades de crescimento radial entre o meio de cultivo TDA (extrato de trigo, dextrose e ágar) utilizado para a manutenção de fungos do gênero Pleurotus e o meio FPDA (água de imersão de folhas de pupunheira, dextrose e ágar), e a comparação das velocidades de crescimento linear entre os grãos de trigo, utilizados como suporte para o inóculo de fungos do gênero Pleurotus e as folhas de pupunheira. O meio de cultivo TDA apresentou velocidade radial superior ao meio FPDA para as duas espécies, no entanto, o tipo de suporte não influenciou significativamente a velocidade de crescimento linear de P. ostreatus , que apresentou 6,71 mm/dia em grãos de trigo e 6,18 mm/dia em folhas de pupunheira. Assim, quando o inóculo à base de folhas de pupunheira é utilizado, a água de imersão deste suporte pode ser aproveitada para a confecção do meio de cultivo de manutenção (FPDA), diminuindo os custos produção. Observou-se que Pleurotus sajor-caju , quando cultivado em folhas de pupunheira utilizando inóculo FP, apresentou cerca de 47% de rendimento, 3% de eficiência biológica e 0,2 g/dia de produtividade, sem diferença significativa com o inóculo GT.(AU)


Assuntos
Resíduos , Pleurotus , Arecaceae
7.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 75: 90-6, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25600989

RESUMO

Edible mushrooms are high nutritional value foods, which contain proteins, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Among their carbohydrates are some polysaccharides with recognized therapeutic effects. It was reported in this manuscript the structural characterization and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Pleurotus sajor-caju. The purified EPS was a mannogalactan (PEIsR), which was composed by mannose (37.0%), galactose (39.7%), and 3-O-methyl-galactose (23.3%). The polysaccharide was purified by freeze-thawing and dialysis, and it was characterized by GC-MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The mannogalactan is constituted by a main chain of (1 → 6)-linked α-D-Galp and 3-O-methyl-α-D-Galp units. Some of the α-D-Galp units were substituted at O-2 by non-reducing end units of ß-D-Manp. According to the literature review conducted, this is the first time that a methylated polysaccharide was observed on EPS of P. sajor-caju. The mannogalactan was able to reduce the nociception, in vivo, in the writhing and formalin tests and also reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema, which indicates that it could be an effective antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agent.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Pleurotus/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13 , Cromatografia em Gel , Galactanos/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética
8.
Carbohydr Polym ; 113: 588-96, 2014 Nov 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25256522

RESUMO

Glucans comprise an important class of polysaccharides present in basidiomycetes with potential biological activities. A (1 → 3)-ß-D-glucan was isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju via extraction with hot water followed by fractionation by freeze-thawing and finally by dimethyl sulfoxide extraction. The purified polysaccharide showed a (13)C-NMR spectrum with six signals consisting of a linear glucan with a ß-anomeric signal at 102.8 ppm and a signal at 86.1 ppm relative to O-3 substitution. The other signals at 76.2, 72.9, 68.3, and 60.8 ppm were attributed to C5, C2, C4, and C6, respectively. This structure was confirmed by methylation analysis, and HSQC studies. The ß-d-glucan from P. sajor-caju presented an immunomodulatory activity on THP-1 macrophages, inhibited the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by formalin in mice, and reduced the number of total leukocytes and myeloperoxidase levels induced by LPS. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this ß-d-glucan exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory activity.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Polissacarídeos/química , beta-Glucanas/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Dimetil Sulfóxido/química , Formaldeído/toxicidade , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Pleurotus/química , Polissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Proteoglicanas , beta-Glucanas/administração & dosagem
9.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 68: 72-7, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24768967

RESUMO

The medicinal properties of fungi of the genus Pleurotus have attracted great interest due to their therapeutic properties. Polysaccharides synthesized by Pleurotus, including the ß-glucans are considered the main responsible for its therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of polysaccharidic fractions extracted from mycelial biomass of Pleurotus ostreatus DSM 1833 in inhibiting the development of Ehrlich Tumor (ET) and Sarcoma 180 (S-180). FC, FI and FII fractions provided 60.6, 76.5 and 73.6% of ET inhibition, respectively (mean value of about 70%) while FS, FIII-1 and FIII-2 showed no inhibition against ET. FII and FIII-2 resulted in 85.6 and 93.6% (mean value of about 90%) while FIII-1, FC and FS resulted in 54.1 and 0%, respectively, of S-180 inhibition. The yields of the fractions FS, FI, FII, FIII-1 and FIII-2 obtained from P. ostreatus mycelial biomass were 11.6, 1.3, 0.4, 0.65 and 0.35%, respectively. FII fraction (30mg/kg) apparently had no toxic effect on healthy animals, since no difference between the body weights of animals in substance control (SC) and negative control (NC) groups was observed.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Pleurotus/química , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma 180/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Biomassa , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Fracionamento Químico , Micélio/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Sarcoma 180/patologia , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(4): 1059-1065, Oct.-Dec. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-705282

RESUMO

Polysaccharides with medicinal properties can be obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and culture broth of several fungus species. This work was carried out in batch culture using a stirred tank reactor with two different initial glucose concentrations (40-50 g/L) and pH values (3.0-4.0) to enhance extracellular polysaccharides production by Pleurotus djamor UNIVILLE 001 and evaluate antitumor effect of intraperitonial administration of Pleurotus djamor extract on sarcoma 180 animal model. According to factorial design, the low pH value (pH 3.0) led to a gain of 1.6 g/L on the extracellular polysaccharide concentration, while glucose concentration in the tested range had no significant effect on the concentration of polysaccharide. With 40 g/L initial glucose concentration and pH 3.0, it was observed that yield factor of extracellular polysaccharide on substrate (Y P/S = 0.072) and maximum extracellular polysaccharide productivity (Q Pmax = 11.26 mg/L.h) were about 188% and 321% respectively higher than those obtained in the experiment performed at pH 4.0. Under these conditions, the highest values of the yield factor of biomass on substrate (Y X/S = 0.24) and maximal biomass productivity (Q Xmax = 32.2 mg/L.h) were also reached. In tumor response study, mean tumor volume on the 21th day was 35.3 cm³ in untreated group and 1.6 cm³ in treated group (p = 0.05) with a tumor inhibition rate of 94%. These impressive results suggests an inhibitory effect of P.djamor extract on cancer cells.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Pleurotus/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Brasil , Meios de Cultura/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glucose/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Pleurotus/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
J Med Food ; 16(11): 1004-12, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24192109

RESUMO

This work studied the influence of culture medium composition and pH on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Pleurotus sajor-caju and validates the antitumor activity of the produced EPSs and of the mycelial biomass (intracellular polysaccharides [IPSs]) against Sarcoma 180 (S180) cells. The effect of the initial concentrations of (NH4)2SO4, yeast extract and soy peptone on EPS production by P. sajor-caju was studied in shake flasks. A bioreactor was used to evaluate the pH values and the initial CaCO3 and glucose concentrations. Extracts of EPSs (PE1) and IPSs obtained through two different separation processes (PM1 and PM2) were tested on mice inoculated with S180 cells. A medium containing 2.5, 1.0, and 1.0 g/L of (NH4)2SO4, yeast extract and soy peptone, respectively, provided the highest EPS concentration (0.6 g/L). The use of pH 4.0, 1.0 g/L CaCO3 and 20 g/L initial glucose concentration enhanced EPS productivity (3.84 g/L per hour). The PE1 extract promoted the highest reduction of S180 growth (86%), followed by the PM2 extract (80%); growth reduction was dose-independent for both substances. This work provides information about culture medium and conditions that enhanced the production of extracellular polysaccharides by P. sajor-caju. The results can contribute to the search for new bioactive products bringing novel aspects to the medical and pharmaceutical areas.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Meios de Cultura/química , Pleurotus/química , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma 180/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfato de Amônio , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Reatores Biológicos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Micélio , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Soja , Leveduras
12.
Braz J Microbiol ; 44(4): 1059-65, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24688493

RESUMO

Polysaccharides with medicinal properties can be obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and culture broth of several fungus species. This work was carried out in batch culture using a stirred tank reactor with two different initial glucose concentrations (40-50 g/L) and pH values (3.0-4.0) to enhance extracellular polysaccharides production by Pleurotus djamor UNIVILLE 001 and evaluate antitumor effect of intraperitonial administration of Pleurotus djamor extract on sarcoma 180 animal model. According to factorial design, the low pH value (pH 3.0) led to a gain of 1.6 g/L on the extracellular polysaccharide concentration, while glucose concentration in the tested range had no significant effect on the concentration of polysaccharide. With 40 g/L initial glucose concentration and pH 3.0, it was observed that yield factor of extracellular polysaccharide on substrate (YP/S = 0.072) and maximum extracellular polysaccharide productivity (Q(Pmax) = 11.26 mg/L.h) were about 188% and 321% respectively higher than those obtained in the experiment performed at pH 4.0. Under these conditions, the highest values of the yield factor of biomass on substrate (YX/S = 0.24) and maximal biomass productivity (Q(Xmax) = 32.2 mg/L.h) were also reached. In tumor response study, mean tumor volume on the 21th day was 35.3 cm(3) in untreated group and 1.6 cm(3) in treated group (p = 0.05) with a tumor inhibition rate of 94%. These impressive results suggests an inhibitory effect of P.djamor extract on cancer cells.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Pleurotus/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Brasil , Meios de Cultura/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glucose/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Pleurotus/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 16(4): 337-342, out.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-614697

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tratamento de água de chuva, de duas regiões industriais de Joinville (SC), por radiação ultravioleta. O reator operou em processo contínuo, de modo que cada partícula permanecesse sob radiação por 60 segundos. As amostras de água foram analisadas em termos de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e bactérias heterotróficas antes do tratamento por ultravioleta, após o tratamento e após tratadas e armazenadas por 24, 48 e 72 horas. Verificou-se a eficiência da desinfecção de água de chuva direta e de telhado por radiação ultravioleta com a inativação de 100 por cento dos coliformes totais e dos coliformes termotolerantes e o não recrescimento desses micro-organismos em amostras tratadas e estocados por até 72 horas, no entanto, bactérias heterotróficas persistiram e foram identificadas após 24, 48 e 72 horas ao tratamento.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment of rainwater in two industrial regions in Joinville (SC, Brazil) by ultraviolet radiation. The reactor was operating in continuous process with each particle remaining under radiation for 60 seconds. The samples were evaluated in terms of total coliforms, fecal coliform and heterotrophic bacteria prior to ultraviolet treatment, after treatment and further treated and stored for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The efficiency of disinfection of direct rainwater and that collected from roofing by ultraviolet radiation was verified with 100 percent inactivation of total coliforms and fecal coliform and these microorganisms did not reappear in samples treated and stored for up to 72 hours, however, heterotrophic bacteria persisted and were identified after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment.

14.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 53(4): 939-944, July-Aug. 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-554789

RESUMO

The aim of this work was the use of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju for the previous lignocellulolytic decomposition of banana tree leaf straw and the further use of the degraded straw as substrate for the culture of Agaricus blazei. For optimising the production of A. blazei in terms of yield (Y percent) and biological efficiency (BE percent), adjustments to the composition of the substrate were evaluated in a 2(5) experimental design. The following components were tested in relation to percent of substrate dry mass: urea (1 and 10 percent), rice bran (10 or 20 percent) or ammonium sulphate (0 or 10 percent), inoculum (10 or 20 percent) and the casing material (subsoil or burned rice husks). The best results (79.71 Y percent and 6.73 BE percent) were found when the substrate containing 10 percent of rice bran, without ammonium sulphate, inoculated with 20 percent and covered with subsoil was used.


O cultivo de fungos comestíveis e medicinais utilizando resíduos da agroindústria vem se apresentando como uma alternativa econômica para o pequeno produtor rural, favorecendo a agricultura familiar do nordeste catarinense. Este trabalho avaliou o fungo Pleurotus para a decomposição lignocelulolítica de palha de folhas de bananeira e a utilização da palha residual como substrato para o cultivo de Agaricus blazei. Ajustes na composição do substrato residual de Pleurotus, tais como o tipo e a concentração da fonte de nitrogênio, a porcentagem de inóculo e a camada de cobertura, foram avaliadas. O substrato residual que mais favoreceu a produção de A. blazei em Eficiência Biológica (6,73 por cento), Rendimento (79,71 por cento) e menor tempo para emissão do primeiro primórdio (27 dias) foi o substrato residual de P. ostreatus inoculado com 20 por cento de inóculo (ms), 10 por cento de farelo de arroz (ms), sem sulfato de amônio e utilizando terra de subsolo como camada de cobertura.

15.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 160(8): 2265-74, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19507058

RESUMO

Fungi of the Pleurotus genus present a great industrial interest due to their possibility of producing pharmacological compounds, pigments, aromas, organic acids, polysaccharides, enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, etc. Among the therapeutic products, we can highlight those with antineoplasic activity, attributed to the fungi cell wall components. Based on this, the objective of this work was to study the antineoplasic capacity of the polysaccharidic fractions obtained from Pleurotus sajor-caju fruiting bodies. Female Swiss mice were inoculated with the Ehrlich ascitic tumor (5 x 10(6) cells/animal) in ascitic form. The polysaccharidic fractions were administered intraperitoneally, during a 6-day period. Fractions FI and FII presented a lower volume of ascitic liquid (3.1 and 1.8 mL, respectively) and a higher reduction in the number of neoplasic cells present in the ascitic liquid (86.2% and 85%, respectively), when compared to the positive control (group inoculated with the tumor but without treatment). These fractions were characterized in terms of monosaccharide composition. Glucose was the major component detected, followed by galactose and mannose. The anomeric carbon configuration of the beta-glucan was confirmed by the (13)C NMR (delta 103.7). Substituted and free C3 and C6 were also detected. Protein bands were confirmed through infrared analysis.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Celulares/uso terapêutico , Carpóforos/química , Pleurotus , Adulto , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Peso Corporal , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Extratos Celulares/química , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Transplante de Neoplasias , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Pleurotus/química , Pleurotus/citologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
16.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 52(6): 1563-1570, Nov.-Dec. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-539122

RESUMO

This work aimed to investigate the capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus DSM 1833 to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol, important pollutant found in the wastewaters of the paper and cellulose industry. Using a factorial design 2², the concentrations of glucose and 2,4-dichlorophenol varied between 0 and 10g.L-1 and 5 and 30mg.L-1, respectively. The best global biodegradation rate was obtained using 30 mg.L-1 of 2,4- dichlorophenol in the absence of glucose. This culture medium was used for scaling up the process, resulting in a global biodegradation rate of 0.47mg.L-1.h-1. A comparative test between an inoculated medium and an abiotic control demonstrated that 54.1 percent of 2,4- dichlorophenol degradation could be attributed to the presence of P. ostreatus.


A indústria de papel e celulose contribui para a contaminação ambiental devido aos resíduos gerados, especialmente, no processo de branqueamento da polpa Kraft, realizada com cloro. Basideomicetos saprófitas têm a capacidade de degradar compostos organoclorados como cloroligninas e clorofenóis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a capacidade de Pleurotus ostreatus DSM 1833 em degradar 2,4-diclorofenol, importante poluente encontrado nos efluentes da indústria de papel e celulose. Utilizando um planejamento fatorial 2², as concentrações de glicose e de 2,4-diclorofenol variaram entre 0 e 10 g.L-1 e 5 e 30 mg.L-1, respectivamente. A melhor taxa global de degradação foi obtida usando-se 30 mg.L-1 de 2,4-diclorofenol na ausência de glicose. Este meio de cultura foi utilizado para a ampliação da escala do processo, resultando em uma taxa global de biodegradação de 0,47 mg.L-1.h-1. Um teste comparativo entre o meio inoculado e o controle abiótico demonstrou que 54,1 por cento da degradação do 2,4-diclorofenol pode ser atribuída à presença de Pleurotus ostreatus.

17.
Bioresour Technol ; 99(1): 76-82, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17306976

RESUMO

Pleurotus species are recognized for producing beta-glucans with important medicinal properties as a constituent of the cellular wall of the fruiting body or of the mycelium. The aims of this work were to select a culture medium that maximized the production of biomass and polysaccharides produced by Pleurotus ostreatus DSM 1833 and to evaluate the selected medium in two values of initial oxygen transfer rate -K(L)a (10.2 and 19.3 h(-1)). A 2* *4 factorial design was constructed to evaluate the supplementation of wheat extract with corn steep liquor--CSL (10 or 20 g L(-1)), yeast extract--YE (2 or 5gL(-1)), ammonium sulfate--AS (0 or 5 g L(-1)) and glucose (20 or 40 g L(-1)). In terms of maximum productivity in biomass and global productivity in polysaccharides, the best values were obtained when 5 g L(-1) of YE and 40 g L(-1) of glucose were used. In terms of maximum concentration of biomass, the best results were obtained when 20 g L(-1) of CSL and 40 g L(-1) of glucose were used. The best results in terms of production of biomass and polysaccharides were achieved when lower initial K(L)a (10.2 h(-1)) was used.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Biomassa , Meios de Cultura/química , Pleurotus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pleurotus/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/biossíntese , Carbono/química , Nitrogênio/química , Oxigênio/metabolismo
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